Monday, September 19, 2011

Standards-based Education


Question: What are the goals of standards-based education?

Answer/Quote: “…our strong belief that the goal of standards-based education is to improve the quality of instruction provided to all children, rather than to simply measure and report achievement or reward and punish students, teachers and schools.” P. 373.

Comment: I think the goal of quality instruction for all students has been lost in the second goal to “measure and report achievement or reward and punish students, teachers and schools.” RayS.

Title: “Fulfilling the Potential of Standards-based Education: Promising Policy Principle: KH Au and SW Valencia. Language Arts (May 2010), 373-380.

Friday, September 16, 2011

A Rubric for Assessing Writing

Question: What is an example of a scoring rubric for writing assessment? (Oregon)

 Ideas and Content
1. The writing is unclear and seems to have no purpose.

2. The writing is somewhat unclear and has few appropriate details.

3. The reader can understand what the writer is trying to say, but the paper may not hold the reader’s attention all the way through.

4. The writing is clear and sticks to the topic. It holds the reader’s attention.

5. The writing is clear, focused and interesting. It holds the reader’s attention.

6. The writing is very clear, focused and interesting. It holds the reader’s attention all the way through.

 Organization
1. The writing is difficult to follow. The reader has to re-read often and may still be confused.

2. The writing lacks a clear structure, which makes it difficult to follow. Re-reading may help, but sometimes the piece is too short to show an orderly development.

3. The writer has tried to present ideas and details in a way that makes sense, but the paper may sometimes be hard to follow.

4. Ideas and details are presented in a way that makes sense. The paper is easy to follow.

5. The writing shows careful planning. The order of ideas helps the reader follow and understand the paper from beginning to end.

6. The writing shows careful and effective planning. The order of ideas moves the reader easily through the text.

Voice
1. The writer seems to make no effort to deal with the topic, purpose or audience in an interesting way.

2. The writer shows little involvement with the topic, purpose, or audience.

3. The writer is not always very involved with the topic. The reader gets hints of who the writer is behind the words. The writer begins to match the way the message sounds with the purpose and the audience.

4. The writer is involved with the topic. The reader can tell who the writer is behind the words. The message sounds like it matches the purpose and the audience.

5. The writer shows strong involvement with the topic. The reader can picture the writer behind the words. The writer effectively matches the way the message sounds with the purpose and audience.

6. The writer shows deep involvement with the topic. The writer skillfully matches the way the message sounds with the purpose and audience.

Word Choice
1. The writer has a difficult time finding the right words.

2. The writer uses words that take away from the meaning and impact of the writing.

3. The writer uses words that get the message across, but only in an ordinary way.

4. The writer chooses words that help make the message clear.

5. The writer thoughtfully chooses words that make the message clear and interesting.

6. The writer thoughtfully chooses words that make the message unusually clear and interesting.

Sentence Fluency
1. Sentence that are incomplete, rambling, or awkward make the writing hard to read and understand.

2. The sentences that are often choppy or rambling make much of the writing difficult to follow or read aloud.

3. Most sentences are understandable but not very smooth.

4. Sentences make sense and flow from one to the other. The writing is easy to read aloud.

5. Sentences are carefully crafted and flow smoothly with a natural rhythm from one to the next. The writing is easy to read aloud and understand.

6. Sentences are carefully crafted; they flow smoothly and effectively with a natural rhythm.

Conventions
1. There are so many errors in spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and usage that the reader has a very hard time getting through the paper. Some parts may be impossible to follow or understand.

2. There are frequent, significant errors that make it difficult to read the paper.

3. Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, paragraphing, and usage show some minor problems. The reader can follow what is being said, but there are enough mistakes that the reader really notices them and may have some difficulty following what the writer is saying.

4. Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, paragraphing, and usage are mostly correct. If there are a few errors, they don’t make the paper difficult to read and understand.

5. Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, paragraphing, and usage are correct and make the writing easy to read and understand.

6. Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, paragraphing, and usage are effective and make the writing easy to read and understand.

Comment: I’m thinking, “dissect to kill.” I’m thinking, 'the use of “interesting' as part of the criteria is subjective. I’m thinking, " 'voice' is a muddy concept." I doubt if most published writers could live up to these criteria. I can’t. Makes writing too complicated. I suggest cutting the number of rubrics in half. The finer shades of the criteria are unnecessary. RayS.

Title: “Discerning Writing Assessment: Insights into an Analytic Rubric.” \LK Spence. Language Arts (Maya 2010), 337-352.

Thursday, September 15, 2011

Assessment of ESL Students' Writing


Question: How should ESL (English as a Second Language) students’ writing be assessed?

Answer/Quote: “Assessment should take into account students’ home languages, how this knowledge is used as they write in English…and the time it takes to develop academic language. Students should not be penalized for their developing English, and assessment should not be used to compare them with fluent English-speaking students.” P. 346.

Comment: The authors believe that most state assessment guidelines for writing are designed for native speakers of English and are inappropriate for ESL students struggling to learn English as a second language. RayS.

Title:“Discerning Writing Assessment: Insights into an Analytic Rubric.” \LK Spence. Language Arts (Maya 2010), 337-352.

Wednesday, September 14, 2011

English Teacher's Purpose

Q. What is the Purpose of the English Teacher Today?

A. Comment by RayS: I continue to maintain that the purpose of the English teacher is to work with words, to communicate with words, to read words, to write and speak with words, to create with words. I still think Joseph Conrad said it best: "My task is by the power of the written word to make you hear, to make you feel--it is, before all, to make you see." I maintain that images, sound and video are most valuable when they support the words we use. I remember reading in the book version of Civilization that Kenneth Clark said he could not emphasize law and economics in the TV version of his survey of the history of civilization because he could not find visuals to support those topics. Of course not. Those topics consist almost entirely of ideas. And words are the key to expressing ideas.

We are English teachers. And our job is to teach the use of words. I have no problem with teaching how to use other media to support words. We need to emphasize words because words are ideas. Pictures may be worth a thousand words as the cliché goes, but no picture will ever replace words as the best medium to express ideas. The NCTE and I do not agree on the centrality of multimedia. I maintain that to the degree that emphasis is taken away from words in our English classes, students' mastery of literacy will be significantly weakened.

Tuesday, September 13, 2011

Writing Memoirs

Question: What is some advice for writing memoirs that people will read?

 Answer:
Quote: “For starters, analyze your motivation. Does this book have to be written? Why? To leave a legacy for your kids? Tell a story of overcoming odds to inspire others? Come to terms with family issues? Teach or expose something important? Launch a career? Bad motivation: To make a quick buck. To get revenge on an ex.” P. 30.

Quote: Do your homework. For memoirs, research the genre. There are ‘My Horrible Childhood’ confessions, addiction stories, career tales, political screeds … illness-overcome books, daddy books, crime admissions, Holocaust memories, first-person self-help guides, sociological studies, timely ethnic slices of life, and more. Which subgenre are you aiming for?” P. 30.

Quote: “…nobody wants to hear your entire chronological story from birth. Many books focus on one year, or a specific time period in a subject’s life. Figure out what’s most exciting, unusual, timely, brilliant, incredible or helpful and start there….” P. 31.

Comment: I wish I had read this advice when writing my memoir. I would have approached it significantly differently, especially “nobody wants to hear your entire chronological story from birth.” I set out to write the entire chronological story of my teaching career. Mistake. RayS.

 Title: “Secrets to Selling Your First Book.” Susan Shapiro. The Writer (April 2011), 30-32.

Monday, September 12, 2011

Rejection for Writers


Question: How can writers deal with rejection?

Answer:
. Have a rejection party.
 
 
. Start a rejection slip file.
 
 
. Send your material to the next publisher on the list.
 
 
. Write something else.
 
 
Quote: “Remember, there is something worse than rejection, and that’s never writing (or submitting) anything to be rejected in the first place.” P. 27.
 
 
Comment: In short, rejection is not the end of the world. I keep telling myself that. RayS.
 
 
Title: “How to Cope with Rejection.” Moira Allen. The Writer (April 2011), 26-27.

Friday, September 9, 2011

"Knots" in Writing


Question: How do you untie “knots” in your writing”

Answer:
Quote: “I draw a distinction between writer’s knots and writer’s block. A block is not knowing what to say; a knot is having too much to say. A block can be psychological; a knot is almost always structural. A block is a lack of information to deliver; a knot is a problem of delivering information.”

What can you do to untie “knots” in your writing?
. Start with a summation.

.Perform a crime-scene investigation. “Write out in just a few words the function of each of your paragraphs.”

. Reverse-outline your story. “A reverse-outline begins by collecting a list of the first sentences of each paragraph, the so-called topic sentences. Check the list for an orderly progression.”

. Chunk out your story. “Chunking means breaking down your story into its basic components—beginning middle, and end….”

 .  If all else fails, complete a write-through. “A ‘write-through’…means writing full-out, noon-stop, beginning to end, the Big Sloppy Revision. Don’t edit. Just do it.”

Comment: This sounds like a short-course in how to revise. RayS.

 Title: “How to Untie Your Writing Knots.” Jeff Shear. The Writer (April 2011), 215-215.